Articles tagged with: depression
Disgust Propensity as a Predictor of Intrusive Cognitions Following a Distressing Film
Abstract Although extant research examining predictors of development of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) have focused primarily
on fear and anxiety, recent research suggests that a range of different emotional reactions may occur in response to traumatic
events. For example, specific aspects of traumatic exposure frequently include either experiencing or witnessing events that
may elicit disgust, including injury, death, or sexual assault (e.g., Dalgleish and Power in Behav Res Ther Spec Issue Festschrift
Spec Issue John Tea [...]
Abstract Although extant research examining predictors of development of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) have focused primarily
on fear and anxiety, recent research suggests that a range of different emotional reactions may occur in response to traumatic
events. For example, specific aspects of traumatic exposure frequently include either experiencing or witnessing events that
may elicit disgust, including injury, death, or sexual assault (e.g., Dalgleish and Power in Behav Res Ther Spec Issue Festschrift
Spec Issue John Tea [...]
Genitourinary Functioning and Depressive Symptoms Over Time In Younger Versus Older Men Treated for Prostate Cancer
Abstract
Background/Purpose This study examined the relation of age to genitourinary functioning and depressive symptoms over time and examined how age
influences the relation between genitourinary functioning and depressive symptoms over time in men treated for localized prostate
cancer.
Methods Participants were 234 men who completed interviews that assessed genitourinary functioning and depressive symptoms at 2, 4,
10 and 16 months after treatment. Analyses were statistically controlled for potential c [...]
Abstract
Background/Purpose This study examined the relation of age to genitourinary functioning and depressive symptoms over time and examined how age
influences the relation between genitourinary functioning and depressive symptoms over time in men treated for localized prostate
cancer.
Methods Participants were 234 men who completed interviews that assessed genitourinary functioning and depressive symptoms at 2, 4,
10 and 16 months after treatment. Analyses were statistically controlled for potential c [...]
Lifestyle and Psychosocial Risk Factors Predict Non-adherence to Medication
Abstract Blood pressure and cholesterol reduction have proven effective to reduce cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, yet adherence
to medical therapy is suboptimal and contributing factors to non-adherence are not well-established. The purpose of this study
was to determine the prevalence and predictors of non-adherence to blood pressure and cholesterol-lowering medications in
individuals who participated in an NHLBI-sponsored evaluation of a hospital-based screening and outreach program for high-risk
employees and the community. [...]
Abstract Blood pressure and cholesterol reduction have proven effective to reduce cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, yet adherence
to medical therapy is suboptimal and contributing factors to non-adherence are not well-established. The purpose of this study
was to determine the prevalence and predictors of non-adherence to blood pressure and cholesterol-lowering medications in
individuals who participated in an NHLBI-sponsored evaluation of a hospital-based screening and outreach program for high-risk
employees and the community. [...]
Economic Contraction and Mental Health
Background: Theory and empirical evidence suggest that economic contraction predicts increased incidence of psychological disorder. The extent to which this relation can be causally attributed to the economic experiences of individuals remains uncertain. Methods: We critically examine literature concerning the impact of economic contraction, measured at the individual or ecological level, on four mental health outcomes (depression, suicide, substance abuse, and antisocial behavior) from the past two decades. Studies at the individual level use [...]
Background: Theory and empirical evidence suggest that economic contraction predicts increased incidence of psychological disorder. The extent to which this relation can be causally attributed to the economic experiences of individuals remains uncertain. Methods: We critically examine literature concerning the impact of economic contraction, measured at the individual or ecological level, on four mental health outcomes (depression, suicide, substance abuse, and antisocial behavior) from the past two decades. Studies at the individual level use [...]
The Paranoia of Everyday Life: Some Personal, Psychological, and Pastoral Thoughts
Abstract Freud, early in his writings, makes the argument that paranoia results from the repression of distressing memories, paralleling
hysteria and obsessional neurosis. The difference, however, is that paranoia makes use of a special psychic mechanism—projection—whereas
hysteria makes use of conversion into somatic innervations and obsessional neurosis makes use of substitution or displacement.
Drawing on recent research in paranoia, which suggests that feelings of paranoia are quite common among non-clinical populations,
[...]
Abstract Freud, early in his writings, makes the argument that paranoia results from the repression of distressing memories, paralleling
hysteria and obsessional neurosis. The difference, however, is that paranoia makes use of a special psychic mechanism—projection—whereas
hysteria makes use of conversion into somatic innervations and obsessional neurosis makes use of substitution or displacement.
Drawing on recent research in paranoia, which suggests that feelings of paranoia are quite common among non-clinical populations,
[...]
Childhood Teasing and Adult Implicit Cognitive Biases
Abstract There is growing evidence for the role of negative implicit cognitions in eating disorders as well as other forms of psychopathology.
What is less well understood are the potential developmental correlates of these biases and whether there is any preferential
relation between the type of childhood experiences and implicit cognitions for one disorder versus another. This study examined
the relations of implicit eating-relevant and depression-relevant cognitions with adult women’s reports of childhood teasing.
As hypothe [...]
Abstract There is growing evidence for the role of negative implicit cognitions in eating disorders as well as other forms of psychopathology.
What is less well understood are the potential developmental correlates of these biases and whether there is any preferential
relation between the type of childhood experiences and implicit cognitions for one disorder versus another. This study examined
the relations of implicit eating-relevant and depression-relevant cognitions with adult women’s reports of childhood teasing.
As hypothe [...]
Biopsychosocial Factors Associated with Dyspareunia in a Community Sample of Adolescent Girls
Abstract Although various biopsychosocial factors have been associated with dyspareunia, research to date has focused on retrospective
reports of adult women, and lack of consensus regarding etiology remains. By targeting girls at the beginning of their reproductive
life, this study aimed to examine the biomedical, behavioral, and psychosocial correlates of chronic painful intercourse in
sexually active adolescents compared to pain-free girls. With written informed consent, data were obtained from 1425 girls
(12–19 year ol [...]
Abstract Although various biopsychosocial factors have been associated with dyspareunia, research to date has focused on retrospective
reports of adult women, and lack of consensus regarding etiology remains. By targeting girls at the beginning of their reproductive
life, this study aimed to examine the biomedical, behavioral, and psychosocial correlates of chronic painful intercourse in
sexually active adolescents compared to pain-free girls. With written informed consent, data were obtained from 1425 girls
(12–19 year ol [...]
Does Rumination Predict the Strength of Maladaptive Self-Beliefs Characteristic of Social Anxiety Over Time?
Abstract Two important components of the Clark and Wells (in Social phobia: diagnosis, assessment, and treatment. Guilford, New York,
pp 69–93, 1995) model of social phobia are ruminative processing and maladaptive self-beliefs (high standard, conditional and unconditional
beliefs). In a longitudinal design, we hypothesised that rumination at Time 1 would be positively associated with the strength
of each of the belief types at Time 2 (while controlling for depression, general anxiety, social anxiety and strength of belief
type [...]
Abstract Two important components of the Clark and Wells (in Social phobia: diagnosis, assessment, and treatment. Guilford, New York,
pp 69–93, 1995) model of social phobia are ruminative processing and maladaptive self-beliefs (high standard, conditional and unconditional
beliefs). In a longitudinal design, we hypothesised that rumination at Time 1 would be positively associated with the strength
of each of the belief types at Time 2 (while controlling for depression, general anxiety, social anxiety and strength of belief
type [...]
Internalizing and Externalizing Personality Dimensions and Clinical Problems in Adolescents
Abstract Ostensible psychiatric comorbidity can sometimes be explained by shared relations between diagnostic constructs and higher
order internalizing and externalizing dimensions. However, this possibility has not been explored with regard to comorbidity
between personality pathology and other clinical constructs in adolescents. In this study, personality pattern scales from
the Millon Adolescent Clinical Inventory in a sample of 492 adolescent inpatients were subjected to a principal components
analysis to yield oblique intern [...]
Abstract Ostensible psychiatric comorbidity can sometimes be explained by shared relations between diagnostic constructs and higher
order internalizing and externalizing dimensions. However, this possibility has not been explored with regard to comorbidity
between personality pathology and other clinical constructs in adolescents. In this study, personality pattern scales from
the Millon Adolescent Clinical Inventory in a sample of 492 adolescent inpatients were subjected to a principal components
analysis to yield oblique intern [...]
The Utility of Measuring Explanatory Flexibility in PTSD Research
Abstract This study explored how explanatory style and explanatory flexibility were related to each other and to symptoms of posttraumatic
stress disorder (PTSD). Sixty-eight college students who had endorsed DSM-IV-TR PTSD Criteria A1 and A2 on the Life Events
Checklist completed the Attributional Style Questionnaire as well as self-report measures of PTSD and depression. Explanatory
flexibility demonstrated independence from explanatory style. In addition, explanatory flexibility, but not explanatory style,
was associated with [...]
Abstract This study explored how explanatory style and explanatory flexibility were related to each other and to symptoms of posttraumatic
stress disorder (PTSD). Sixty-eight college students who had endorsed DSM-IV-TR PTSD Criteria A1 and A2 on the Life Events
Checklist completed the Attributional Style Questionnaire as well as self-report measures of PTSD and depression. Explanatory
flexibility demonstrated independence from explanatory style. In addition, explanatory flexibility, but not explanatory style,
was associated with [...] 
