Articles tagged with: Behavioral Science
Sense of Community, Neighboring, and Social Capital as Predictors of Local Political Participation in China
Abstract This study examines the state of sense of community, neighboring behavior, and social capital in the People’s Republic of
China, and explores their ability to predict local political participation, in the form of voting in elections for Urban Resident/Rural
Villager Committees. Using a nationally representative survey, rural, older and married residents and those with a primary
or high school education and higher perceived socio-economic status are more likely to participate. In rural areas, men are
more likely than wo [...]
Abstract This study examines the state of sense of community, neighboring behavior, and social capital in the People’s Republic of
China, and explores their ability to predict local political participation, in the form of voting in elections for Urban Resident/Rural
Villager Committees. Using a nationally representative survey, rural, older and married residents and those with a primary
or high school education and higher perceived socio-economic status are more likely to participate. In rural areas, men are
more likely than wo [...]
Implementation Quality and Positive Experiences in After-School Programs
Abstract Data collected during an evaluation of a multi-site trial of an enhanced after-school program were used to relate quality
of program implementation to student experiences after school. The enhanced after-school program incorporated a drug use and
violence prevention component that was shown to be effective in previous research. Building on Durlak and Dupre’s (Am J Community
Psychol 41:327–350, 2008) dimensions of implementation, we assessed the level of dosage, quality of management and climate, participant responsive [...]
Abstract Data collected during an evaluation of a multi-site trial of an enhanced after-school program were used to relate quality
of program implementation to student experiences after school. The enhanced after-school program incorporated a drug use and
violence prevention component that was shown to be effective in previous research. Building on Durlak and Dupre’s (Am J Community
Psychol 41:327–350, 2008) dimensions of implementation, we assessed the level of dosage, quality of management and climate, participant responsive [...]
Sexual Self-Schemas of Female Child Sexual Abuse Survivors: Relationships with Risky Sexual Behavior and Sexual Assault in Adolescence
Abstract Childhood sexual trauma has been demonstrated to increase survivors’ risk for engaging in unrestricted sexual behaviors and
experiencing adolescent sexual assault. The current study used the sexual self-schema construct to examine cognitive representations
of sexuality that might drive these behavioral patterns. In Study 1 (N = 774), we attempted to improve the content validity of the Sexual Self Schema Scale for child sexual abuse (CSA) survivors,
introducing a fourth sexual self-schema factor titled the “i [...]
Abstract Childhood sexual trauma has been demonstrated to increase survivors’ risk for engaging in unrestricted sexual behaviors and
experiencing adolescent sexual assault. The current study used the sexual self-schema construct to examine cognitive representations
of sexuality that might drive these behavioral patterns. In Study 1 (N = 774), we attempted to improve the content validity of the Sexual Self Schema Scale for child sexual abuse (CSA) survivors,
introducing a fourth sexual self-schema factor titled the “i [...]
Sleep Disruption in Young Foster Children
Abstract In the current study, sleep actigraphy and parent-report measures were used to investigate differences in sleeping behavior
among four groups of 3- to 7-year-olds (N = 79): children in regular foster care (n = 15); children receiving a therapeutic intervention in foster care (n = 17); low income community children (n = 18); and upper middle income community children (n = 29). The children in therapeutic foster care exhibited longer sleep latency and increased variability of [...]
Abstract In the current study, sleep actigraphy and parent-report measures were used to investigate differences in sleeping behavior
among four groups of 3- to 7-year-olds (N = 79): children in regular foster care (n = 15); children receiving a therapeutic intervention in foster care (n = 17); low income community children (n = 18); and upper middle income community children (n = 29). The children in therapeutic foster care exhibited longer sleep latency and increased variability of [...]
Explicit and Implicit Anxiety: Differences Between Patients with Hypochondriasis, Patients with Anxiety Disorders, and Healthy Controls
Abstract Empirical research has found comparable levels of anxiety in patients with hypochondriasis and those with various anxiety
disorders. However, the majority of these investigations were based exclusively on questionnaires (Q-data). In the present
study, we included the implicit association task-anxiety (IAT-anxiety; Egloff and Schmukle in J Personal Soc Psychol, 83:1441–1455
2002) as an implicit test (T-data) of anxiety. Results showed that patients with hypochondriasis (n = 36) and those with anxiety disorders [...]
Abstract Empirical research has found comparable levels of anxiety in patients with hypochondriasis and those with various anxiety
disorders. However, the majority of these investigations were based exclusively on questionnaires (Q-data). In the present
study, we included the implicit association task-anxiety (IAT-anxiety; Egloff and Schmukle in J Personal Soc Psychol, 83:1441–1455
2002) as an implicit test (T-data) of anxiety. Results showed that patients with hypochondriasis (n = 36) and those with anxiety disorders [...]
Peer-Victimization and Mental Health Problems in Adolescents: Are Parental and School Support Protective?
Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency and effects of peer-victimization on mental health problems among adolescents.
Parental and school support were assumed as protective factors that might interact with one another in acting as buffers for
adolescents against the risk of peer-victimization. Besides these protective factors, age and gender were additionally considered
as moderating factors. The Social and Health Assessment survey was conducted among 986 students aged 11–18 years in order
to asses [...]
Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency and effects of peer-victimization on mental health problems among adolescents.
Parental and school support were assumed as protective factors that might interact with one another in acting as buffers for
adolescents against the risk of peer-victimization. Besides these protective factors, age and gender were additionally considered
as moderating factors. The Social and Health Assessment survey was conducted among 986 students aged 11–18 years in order
to asses [...]
The DSM Diagnostic Criteria for Sexual Masochism
Abstract I reviewed the empirical literature for 1900–2008 on the paraphilia of Sexual Masochism for the Sexual and Gender Identity
Disorders Work Group for the forthcoming fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. The results of this review were tabulated into a general summary of the criticisms relevant to the DSM diagnosis of Sexual
Masochism, the assessment of Sexual Masochism utilizing the DSM in samples drawn from forensic populations, and the assessment
of Sexual Masochism using the DSM i [...]
Abstract I reviewed the empirical literature for 1900–2008 on the paraphilia of Sexual Masochism for the Sexual and Gender Identity
Disorders Work Group for the forthcoming fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. The results of this review were tabulated into a general summary of the criticisms relevant to the DSM diagnosis of Sexual
Masochism, the assessment of Sexual Masochism utilizing the DSM in samples drawn from forensic populations, and the assessment
of Sexual Masochism using the DSM i [...]
Empathy: From Mind Reading to the Reading of a Distant Text
Abstract In the psychoanalytic literature empathy is commonly discussed as a form of “mind reading”, which is deeply associated with
the capacity to mirror the other’s mental state. In this paper, I propose an alternative perspective on empathy as the process
of reading a distant text. This perspective is illustrated through a Talmudic story and by weaving a thread between Bakhtin, Bion and Lacan. The paper
concludes by pointing to the danger of empathy as a hidden form of projective identification that provides the reader w [...]
Abstract In the psychoanalytic literature empathy is commonly discussed as a form of “mind reading”, which is deeply associated with
the capacity to mirror the other’s mental state. In this paper, I propose an alternative perspective on empathy as the process
of reading a distant text. This perspective is illustrated through a Talmudic story and by weaving a thread between Bakhtin, Bion and Lacan. The paper
concludes by pointing to the danger of empathy as a hidden form of projective identification that provides the reader w [...]
Predicting Outcomes for Youth Transferred to Adult Court
Abstract Extant research regarding juvenile transfer has focused primarily on the negative effects of current policies, with little
consistent and rigorous work on the variation among the adolescents transferred to adult court and their later adjustment
in the community. Using a sample of 193 transferred youth from Arizona, we consider how certain individual characteristics
are related to four post-release outcomes (antisocial activity, re-arrest, re-institutionalization, and gainful activity).
We find considerable variability in [...]
Abstract Extant research regarding juvenile transfer has focused primarily on the negative effects of current policies, with little
consistent and rigorous work on the variation among the adolescents transferred to adult court and their later adjustment
in the community. Using a sample of 193 transferred youth from Arizona, we consider how certain individual characteristics
are related to four post-release outcomes (antisocial activity, re-arrest, re-institutionalization, and gainful activity).
We find considerable variability in [...]
Internalizing and Externalizing Personality Dimensions and Clinical Problems in Adolescents
Abstract Ostensible psychiatric comorbidity can sometimes be explained by shared relations between diagnostic constructs and higher
order internalizing and externalizing dimensions. However, this possibility has not been explored with regard to comorbidity
between personality pathology and other clinical constructs in adolescents. In this study, personality pattern scales from
the Millon Adolescent Clinical Inventory in a sample of 492 adolescent inpatients were subjected to a principal components
analysis to yield oblique intern [...]
Abstract Ostensible psychiatric comorbidity can sometimes be explained by shared relations between diagnostic constructs and higher
order internalizing and externalizing dimensions. However, this possibility has not been explored with regard to comorbidity
between personality pathology and other clinical constructs in adolescents. In this study, personality pattern scales from
the Millon Adolescent Clinical Inventory in a sample of 492 adolescent inpatients were subjected to a principal components
analysis to yield oblique intern [...] 
